What is the difference between informal and formal grievances?

• A. Informal attempts precede formal grievances, which follow defined steps and timelines.
• B. Formal grievances precede informal attempts; there are no timelines.
• C. Informal grievances require union approval; formal do not.
• D. There is no difference; they are the same.

Answer: (B)

Informal grievances are the initial, non-formal way employees raise concerns, usually through direct discussion with a supervisor to seek a quick resolution. If that discussion doesn’t resolve the issue within the contract’s framework, a formal grievance is filed. The formal process is spelled out in the collective bargaining agreement with defined steps and firm timelines for each step, ensuring due process and timely handling of the matter. Formal grievances may involve written documentation, investigations, and often union representation, and they lead to a more structured resolution path, potentially including arbitration.

So the idea that formal grievances come first and that there are no timelines isn’t how these procedures are typically designed. Informal attempts precede formal filings, and the formal process is time-bound and codified. The notion that there’s no difference between informal and formal grievances is also incorrect because they serve different purposes and follow different procedures within the contract.